Research Article
The Effect of Pretreatment with Hydroalcoholic Extract of Cynodon dactylon on Spatial Learning, Memory, and Motor Balance in Rats
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, June 2025
Pages:
49-57
Received:
25 May 2025
Accepted:
11 June 2025
Published:
21 July 2025
Abstract: Background: The incidence of Alzheimer’s disease is rising at an alarming rate, becoming a major social and healthcare concern in many countries. Pharmacological strategies for Alzheimer’s disease are categorized into three groups: (a) disease-modifying therapies, such as vitamin E and selegiline; (b) neurotransmitter-based therapies, including cholinesterase inhibitors; and (c) psychotropic agents aimed at managing behavioral symptoms. A key factor in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease is oxidative stress, defined by an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the antioxidant defense system. Cynodon dactylon (commonly known as Bermuda grass), a member of the Poaceae family, has been investigated for its potential antioxidant properties. Emerging evidence suggests that its bioactive compounds may counteract oxidative stress, making it a promising candidate for further research into neuroprotective therapies. Methods: In this experimental study, the hydroalcoholic (ethanolic) extract of Cynodon dactylon was prepared using the maceration method and concentrated with a rotary evaporator. Extract doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg were dissolved in saline for administration. The effects of the extract on spatial learning and memory were evaluated using the Morris water maze test, while passive avoidance learning and memory were assessed through the shuttle box test. Psychomotor coordination was examined using the rotarod test. Serum antioxidant capacity was measured by the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) method via spectrophotometry, and serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Following the treatment period, the behavioral and biochemical assessments were conducted. Data were analyzed using SPSS and GraphPad Prism 6 software, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results: Cynodon dactylon extract significantly improved memory retention and motor coordination. In the shuttle box test, doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg increased secondary delay time compared to control (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). In the rotarod test, motor balance and coordination were enhanced, especially at higher doses. Antioxidant assessments showed a dose-dependent increase in serum and brain FRAP values (P < 0.05 for 50 mg/kg; P < 0.01 for 100 and 200 mg/kg) and a significant reduction in MDA levels, indicating decreased oxidative stress. Conclusion: The extract's antioxidant compounds may reduce oxidative stress in the central nervous system, leading to better retention memory and motor coordination. Nonetheless, its negative effect on spatial memory suggests distinct underlying neural mechanisms. Further studies are needed to clarify these contrasting effects.
Abstract: Background: The incidence of Alzheimer’s disease is rising at an alarming rate, becoming a major social and healthcare concern in many countries. Pharmacological strategies for Alzheimer’s disease are categorized into three groups: (a) disease-modifying therapies, such as vitamin E and selegiline; (b) neurotransmitter-based therapies, including cho...
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,
Mohammad Reza Hojjati
