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Distributional Patterns of ABO Blood Grouping and Rhesus Factor: Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study in Somali Regional Blood Bank

Received: 4 March 2019     Accepted: 11 April 2019     Published: 31 May 2019
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Abstract

Blood is the most important body fluid. It is responsible for the transportation of the most critical substance, oxygen. The human red blood cell membrane contains different types of antigens, called agglutinogens. These antigens are capable of inducing specific immune response which in turn results in the production of antibodies. From the thirty blood group system genes already identified, the most important blood group systems are the ABO and Rh. Frequency of the four main ABO blood groups vary throughout the world mainly due to differences in geographical location and ethnicity. The aim of this study was to describe the distributional patterns of ABO blood grouping and Rh factor in Somali Regional State. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the blood bank from January 1 to February 10, 2019. Sample of three years (2015 to 2017) data was collected purposively. Data collectors were oriented prior to data collection and the study tool was pre-tested for corrections if any. Data processing and descriptive data analysis was undertaken by employing Microsoft Excel 2013 and SPSS 20. Ethical clearance letter was obtained from the Somali Regional Health Bureau and it was presented to the study facility. Blood group O has the highest frequency, 2,310 (50.10%) followed by blood group A, 1,366 (29.60%); B 702 (15.20%) and AB 236 (5.10%). The overall Rhesus factor positivity and negativity was 4,410 (95.6%) and 204 (4.4%) respectively. Blood group O is the most frequent blood type among blood donors in Somali region. Then, followed by A, B, and AB blood types. Absolute majority of blood donors in the region have Rh positive gene in the surface of their RBCs. Contact details of blood donors with rare blood types should be retained for tracking in cases of emergency blood donation requests. Concerned bodies at different levels should use findings from this study for planning and blood bank management.

Published in American Journal of Laboratory Medicine (Volume 4, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajlm.20190402.15
Page(s) 48-52
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Distributional Patterns, ABO Blood Grouping, Rh Factor, Somali Region

References
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[2] Hoffbrand AV. Post Graduate Haematology, 2nd edition. Heinmann Professional Publishing Ltd., London: 1981, pp. 270-350.
[3] Firkin F, Chesterman C, Penington D, Rush B. Blood groups; blood transfusion; acquired immune deficiency syndrome. In: De Gruchy’s clinical haematology in medical practice. 5th ed. Wiley-Blackwell; 1989: 475-96.
[4] International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT). Table of blood group systems. Oct 2008. Available at: http://www.isbtweb.org/fileadmin/user_upload/files 2015/red%20cells/general%20intro%20WP/Table%20blood%20group%20systems%20v4.0%20141125.pdf. Accessed on 13.06.2016.
[5] Geof Daniels. Chapter 6. The ABO Blood Group System.
[6] Eiji Hosoi. Biological and clinical aspects of ABO blood group system. The Journal of Medical Investigation. Vol. 55 2008.
[7] Z. H. Al-Zubaydi. Blood Groups and Transfusions. Medical Physiology: Lecture 7, 1-4.
[8] CBO. Blood Transfusion Guideline: National Users’ Board Sanquin Blood Supply. Netherlands, 2011.
[9] Bethesda DL. Blood Groups and Red Cell Antigens. In: The Rh blood group. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 2005; p.1-6.
[10] Pramanik T and Pramanik S. “Distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups in Nepalese students: a report”. The Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal. 6.1 (2000): 156-158.
[11] Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Population Census Commission. Summary and Statistical Report of the 2007 Population and Housing Census Results. Addis Ababa, December 2008.
[12] Australian Red Cross Blood Service: About blood (2013). Available from: http://www.donateblood.com.au/about-blood/types.
[13] Frances TF (2002). Blood groups (ABO groups). Common Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests. 3rd ed. USA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia pp. 19-25.
[14] Mourant AE, Kopec AC, Domaniewska-Sobczak K (1976). The distribution of the human blood groups and other polymorphisms. 2nd ed. London: Oxford University Press p 1.005.
[15] Rashaduz Zaman, Mohammad Parvez, Md. Jakaria and Mohammed Abu Sayeed. Study of ABO and Rh-D blood group among the common people of Chittagong city corporation area of Bangladesh. Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology. Vol. 7(9), pp. 305-310, September 2015 DOI: 10.5897/JPHE2015.0727.
[16] Nwuche CA and Ejele OA. “ABO and rhesus antigens in a cosmopolitan Nigeria population”. Nigerian Journal of Medicine. 13.3 (2004): 263-266.
[17] Falusi AG., et al. “Distribution of ABO and RH genes in Nigeria”. African Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences. 29.1 (2000): 23-26.
[18] Enosolease ME and Bazuaye GN. “Distribution of ABO and Rh-D blood groups in the Benin area of Niger-Delta: implication for regional blood transfusion”. Asian Journal of Transfusion Science. 2.1 (2008): 3-5.
[19] Fekadu Alemu Atire. Distribution of ABO and Rh Blood Groups Among Students of Some Ethnic Groups at Dilla University, Ethiopia. International Journal of Genetics and Genomics; 3(1), 2015: 8-19. doi: 10.11648/j.ijgg.20150301.12.
[20] Megbaru Alemu, Guesh Abrha, Gessessew Bugssa, Kiros Tedla. Frequency of ABO and Rh (D) Blood Groups and Hemoglobin Threshold among Pregnant Women in Family Guidance Association, Mekelle Model Clinic, North Ethiopia. International Journal of Pharma Sciences and Research (IJPSR). Vol. 5, 12 Dec 2014.
[21] Behra Rajshree, Joshi Yogi Raj. Distribution of ABO Blood Group and Rh (D) Factor in Western Rajasthan, Jodhpur, India. National Journal of Medical Research. Volume 3 (1); Jan – March 2013.
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    Abibakar Sheikaden Ismail. (2019). Distributional Patterns of ABO Blood Grouping and Rhesus Factor: Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study in Somali Regional Blood Bank. American Journal of Laboratory Medicine, 4(2), 48-52. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20190402.15

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    ACS Style

    Abibakar Sheikaden Ismail. Distributional Patterns of ABO Blood Grouping and Rhesus Factor: Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study in Somali Regional Blood Bank. Am. J. Lab. Med. 2019, 4(2), 48-52. doi: 10.11648/j.ajlm.20190402.15

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    AMA Style

    Abibakar Sheikaden Ismail. Distributional Patterns of ABO Blood Grouping and Rhesus Factor: Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study in Somali Regional Blood Bank. Am J Lab Med. 2019;4(2):48-52. doi: 10.11648/j.ajlm.20190402.15

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajlm.20190402.15,
      author = {Abibakar Sheikaden Ismail},
      title = {Distributional Patterns of ABO Blood Grouping and Rhesus Factor: Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study in Somali Regional Blood Bank},
      journal = {American Journal of Laboratory Medicine},
      volume = {4},
      number = {2},
      pages = {48-52},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajlm.20190402.15},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20190402.15},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajlm.20190402.15},
      abstract = {Blood is the most important body fluid. It is responsible for the transportation of the most critical substance, oxygen. The human red blood cell membrane contains different types of antigens, called agglutinogens. These antigens are capable of inducing specific immune response which in turn results in the production of antibodies. From the thirty blood group system genes already identified, the most important blood group systems are the ABO and Rh. Frequency of the four main ABO blood groups vary throughout the world mainly due to differences in geographical location and ethnicity. The aim of this study was to describe the distributional patterns of ABO blood grouping and Rh factor in Somali Regional State. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the blood bank from January 1 to February 10, 2019. Sample of three years (2015 to 2017) data was collected purposively. Data collectors were oriented prior to data collection and the study tool was pre-tested for corrections if any. Data processing and descriptive data analysis was undertaken by employing Microsoft Excel 2013 and SPSS 20. Ethical clearance letter was obtained from the Somali Regional Health Bureau and it was presented to the study facility. Blood group O has the highest frequency, 2,310 (50.10%) followed by blood group A, 1,366 (29.60%); B 702 (15.20%) and AB 236 (5.10%). The overall Rhesus factor positivity and negativity was 4,410 (95.6%) and 204 (4.4%) respectively. Blood group O is the most frequent blood type among blood donors in Somali region. Then, followed by A, B, and AB blood types. Absolute majority of blood donors in the region have Rh positive gene in the surface of their RBCs. Contact details of blood donors with rare blood types should be retained for tracking in cases of emergency blood donation requests. Concerned bodies at different levels should use findings from this study for planning and blood bank management.},
     year = {2019}
    }
    

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    T1  - Distributional Patterns of ABO Blood Grouping and Rhesus Factor: Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study in Somali Regional Blood Bank
    AU  - Abibakar Sheikaden Ismail
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    AB  - Blood is the most important body fluid. It is responsible for the transportation of the most critical substance, oxygen. The human red blood cell membrane contains different types of antigens, called agglutinogens. These antigens are capable of inducing specific immune response which in turn results in the production of antibodies. From the thirty blood group system genes already identified, the most important blood group systems are the ABO and Rh. Frequency of the four main ABO blood groups vary throughout the world mainly due to differences in geographical location and ethnicity. The aim of this study was to describe the distributional patterns of ABO blood grouping and Rh factor in Somali Regional State. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the blood bank from January 1 to February 10, 2019. Sample of three years (2015 to 2017) data was collected purposively. Data collectors were oriented prior to data collection and the study tool was pre-tested for corrections if any. Data processing and descriptive data analysis was undertaken by employing Microsoft Excel 2013 and SPSS 20. Ethical clearance letter was obtained from the Somali Regional Health Bureau and it was presented to the study facility. Blood group O has the highest frequency, 2,310 (50.10%) followed by blood group A, 1,366 (29.60%); B 702 (15.20%) and AB 236 (5.10%). The overall Rhesus factor positivity and negativity was 4,410 (95.6%) and 204 (4.4%) respectively. Blood group O is the most frequent blood type among blood donors in Somali region. Then, followed by A, B, and AB blood types. Absolute majority of blood donors in the region have Rh positive gene in the surface of their RBCs. Contact details of blood donors with rare blood types should be retained for tracking in cases of emergency blood donation requests. Concerned bodies at different levels should use findings from this study for planning and blood bank management.
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Author Information
  • Public Health Department, Jigjiga University, Jiggjiga, Ethiopia

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